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The Electrical Apparatus Service Association, Inc. (EASA) is an international trade organization of more than 1,700 electromechanical sales and service firms in nearly 70 countries. Our members sell and service industrial electric motors.
These are the most common failures modes:
*Insulation Deterioration*: Over time, the insulation materials used in motor windings may degrade due to environmental factors, such as high temperatures, humidity, chemical exposure, or electrical stress. Deterioration of insulation weakens its ability to withstand electrical stresses, leading to short circuits or ground faults.
*Voltage Surges and Transients*: Electrical surges and transients, which are sudden and brief spikes in voltage, can cause excessive stress on the motor windings. These can result from lightning strikes, power grid disturbances, or switching operations. Repetitive voltage surges can degrade the insulation and eventually lead to winding failures.
*Mechanical Vibrations and Stress*: High-voltage motors are often subjected to mechanical stresses and vibrations during operation. These vibrations can loosen connections, lead to insulation abrasion and cause fatigue failure over time.
*Contamination*: The presence of contaminants such as dirt, dust, moisture, or conductive particles within the motor can compromise the insulation integrity. Contamination can create conductive paths, leading insulation breakdown.
*Inadequate Maintenance*: Insufficient or improper maintenance practices, such as inadequate cleaning, static electrical testing and visual inspections, can contribute to motor winding failures. Lack of preventive maintenance can allow minor issues to escalate, leading to severe damage over time.
*Excessive Temperature*: Operating a motor above its rated output can significantly reduce the lifespan of the insulation system. High temperatures accelerate the aging process of the insulation materials, making them more susceptible to failure.
To prevent failures, it is crucial to ensure proper motor selection, regular maintenance, monitoring of operating conditions, and implementing protective measures.